根据跟人的经验，我认为无论是做项目管理还是做研发，具备一些基本的Marketing知识，无论对于产品的开发、公司的发展还是个人的成长都是有一定的帮助。
Definition of marketing:
Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, services, organization and events to create exchanges that will satisfy individual and organizational objectives.
对于marketing重要性的认识，经历了三个阶段：
Prior to 1920s: In the era, firms manufactured product and been waiting for customer to come to their door for purchasing. They had the idea in mind:
A good product will see itself.
The era is production oriented. Between 1925 and the ealy 1950s, manufacturers began to increase their emphasis on effective sales forces to find customers for output. This era was called as Sales Era. In the era, firms attempted to match their output to potential number of customers other than waiting for customers. Firms stressed on Sales oritention. In the era,firms thought: "Creative advertising and selling will overcome consumer resistance and convince them to buy" A change was happening silently: The shift from seller's market to buyer because customer couild have more choice due to great development of industry after WAR II. Firms' thought was also changing with the buyers' market growing strongly. Then we entered the marketing era. In marketing era, firms stress on"The customer is king! Find a need and fill it"
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There are two additional concepts need to know:
1. What's product?
2. What's the purpose to develop product?
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项目型组织
项目管理
工程项目
科技项目
资格认证
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